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''All My Sons'' is a 1947 play by Arthur Miller. The play was twice adapted for film; in 1948, and again in 1987. The play opened on Broadway at the Coronet Theatre in New York City on January 29, 1947, closed on November 8, 1947 and ran for 328 performances. It was directed by Elia Kazan (to whom it is dedicated), produced by Elia Kazan and Harold Clurman, and won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, beating Eugene O’Neill’s ''The Iceman Cometh''. It starred Ed Begley, Beth Miller, Arthur Kennedy, and Karl Malden and won both the Tony Award for Best Author and the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play. ==Background== Miller wrote ''All My Sons'' after his first play ''The Man Who Had All the Luck'' failed on Broadway, lasting only four performances. Miller wrote ''All My Sons'' as a final attempt at writing a commercially successful play; he vowed to "find some other line of work"〔 if the play did not find an audience. ''All My Sons'' is based upon a true story, which Arthur Miller's then mother-in-law pointed out in an Ohio newspaper.〔Meyers, Jeffrey, ''The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe'', University of Illinois Press, ISBN 9780252035449 (2009), pp. 92–93〕 The news story described how in 1941–43 the Wright Aeronautical Corporation based in Ohio had conspired with army inspection officers to approve defective aircraft engines destined for military use.〔〔Clausen, Henry C., and Lee, Bruce, ''Pearl Harbor: Final Judgment'', Da Capo Press, ISBN 0306810352 (2001), pp. 56–58〕 The story of defective engines had reached investigators working for Sen. Harry Truman's congressional investigative board after several Wright aircraft assembly workers informed on the company; they would later testify under oath before Congress.〔〔 In 1944, three Army Air Force officers, Lt. Col. Frank C. Greulich, Major Walter A. Ryan, and Major William Bruckmann were relieved and later convicted of neglect of duty.〔Hinton, Harold B., ''Air Victory: the men and the machines'', New York: Harper & Bros. (1948), pp. 249–251〕〔Corning, New York Leader (5 April 1944), p. 9〕〔''Three Air Officers 'Guilty of Neglect', Ordered Dismissed'', The Milwaukee Journal, 26 April 1944, p. 33〕 Henrik Ibsen's influence on Miller is evidenced from the Ibsen play ''The Wild Duck'', where Miller took the idea of two partners in a business where one is forced to take moral and legal responsibility for the other. This is mirrored in ''All My Sons''. He also borrowed the idea of a character’s idealism being the source of a problem. The criticism of the American Dream, which lies at the heart of ''All My Sons'', was one reason why Arthur Miller was called to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee during the 1950s, when America was gripped by anti-communist hysteria. Miller sent a copy of the play to Elia Kazan who directed the original stage version of ''All My Sons''. Kazan was a former member of the Communist Party who shared Miller's left-wing views. However, their relationship was destroyed when Kazan gave names of suspected Communists to the House Un-American Activities Committee during the Red Scare.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「All My Sons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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